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Bianca Monteleoni-Conforto 1937-1999

With great sadness we learned on 18 May that Bianca Monteleoni-Conforto had left us.

Bianca first came to CERN in 1962 after working in Rome on antiproton interactions in emulsions. The 81 cm bubble chamber had been exposed to the first CERN antiproton beams and Bianca plunged into the analysis of a low-energy scattering experiment, displaying from the outset her personal qualities ­ a preference for solid work, producing numbers and facts. Her perseverance overcame all obstacles, and she took pride in the eventual result. Her enthusiasm led others to collaborate, at which point she would step back, except when it was vital to intervene.

The wide-ranging antiproton study, extending to kaon production, laid the ground for subsequent LEAR studies. Kaon interactions retained Bianca’s interest in Chicago, where she spent two years, and later at the UK Rutherford Laboratory. Back in Rome, she turned to CERN’s SPS and neutrino physics, for the beam dump experiment, which brought the first observation of charm production in hadronic interactions. She continued heavy flavour studies in a photoproduction experiment with the Omega spectrometer, later joining the Crystal Ball experiment at DESY.

In 1980 Bianca moved to a research position in Florence, where she displayed her qualities for organizing and for driving a team of young researchers, and embarked on the construction of the Muon Filter for the L3 experiment at CERN’s LEP.

Increasingly involved in INFN activities (she became a director in Florence in 1987) and teaching (19 theses supervised), Bianca continually followed new developments. She and her group joined the LVD experiment at Gran Sasso, and pushed the NESTOR underwater neutrino experiment in Pylos, Greece. Her work thus covered a variety of experimental particle physics and even astrophysics.

Bianca was respected and loved by all of us. Besides her standing as a scientist, she had great human qualities, open to the beauty of physics as well as music and arts. It was not only good to work with her, but also to walk in Rome or hear an opera with her, to feel, in life as in physics, her solidity and fidelity, and to share her humour. We will miss her greatly.

Friends of Bianca.

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Rostislav Mikhailovich Ryndin 1929-99

Leading Russian theoretical physicist Rostislav Mikhailovich Ryndin passed away on 23 March after a protracted illness.

Born in Leningrad in 1929 into the family of a university lecturer, R M (Slava to his numerous friends), like all of his contemporaries, he spent his early life in difficult times. He remained in Leningrad throughout the worst of the siege until September 1942, his father dying of starvation in his arms. Later he endured evacuee hardships and could hardly stand following severe typhoid.

Returning to Leningrad, he graduated in 1952 and started work in Novo-Ivan’kovo (now Dubna), in the Hydrotechnical Laboratory, at that time top secret before becoming the Institute for Nuclear Problems, and then later the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.

Ryndin had a deep understanding and wide knowledge of physics, particularly the physics of spin. His initial interests at Dubna were in nucleon and pion scattering. For a complete reconstruction of scattering amplitudes, he and his coauthors made a deep study of polarization effects. This classic work, which formed the basis for his PhD (1958), is still applied and referred to. Then he investigated the detailed relations between polarization effects and interaction symmetries, becoming a doctor of science in 1966.

He was able to visit CERN for the first time as early as 1956. During a year at CERN in 1959­1960, he collaborated with a US visitor of Russian origin, Boris Jacobsohn, on parity tests for particles. At CERN he gained a fine reputation, retaining numerous contacts till the end of his life.

In 1970, by now world renowned, he moved to the Theory Group of the Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute, subsequently the Theory Division of the Leningrad (now Petersburg) Nuclear Physics Institute. There his best-known publications were on atomic parity violation, followed by investigations of possible macroscopic parity-violating effects in media or wave guides. His final work focused on the motion of spinning particles in electromagnetic fields producing so-called topological effects.

Ryndin was very attentive to young physicists and gave frequent lectures at schools. From a family of intellectuals, he was an intellectual in the best sense of the word, with wide interests, and he had the rare gift of becoming an acknowledged authority and opinion leader in his various spheres of interest. He did not hesitate from being critical.

He was influential in shaping the image of the Theory Division of PNPI. His death is a hard loss for his family, his friends and his collaborators, and the whole physics community, particularly in Russia and at CERN.

The MATHEMATICA Book, Version 4,

by Stephen Wolfram, Wolfram Research, Cambridge University Press 0521 643147 (£35/$49.95).

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Mathematica is one of the most important programs for algebraic (in contrast to numeric) calculations. It is an indispensable tool in particular for theoretical particle physicists, who use it, for example, for computing Feynman diagrams and analysing the geometry of superstring compactifications. It is also extremely useful for graphical representations of data.

One of the most convenient features is the notebook interface, which allows WYSIWYG formula editing and evaluating. The electronic notebooks are highly editable and programmable, plus they allow for hyperlinks, can contain any graphics and are easily cross-platform transportable.

Wolfram Research has now announced release 4.0 of the popular program. It offers a series of improvements, like enhancements of built-in functions, algorithms, graphic format handling, document publishing, and improvements in speed and efficiency as well as in the notebook interface. While all of these features are very welcome, the difference between the previous version, Mathematica 3.0, is nowhere near as significant as the that between Mathematica 3.0 and 2.2. One hopes that this upgrade provides a thorough fix of all of the new bugs that appeared in Mathematica 3.0. Further information is available at “http://www.wri.com”.

Elementary Excitations in Solids

by David Pines 0 7382 0115 4 (pbk $35) copyright 1963.

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Based on an advanced course in the theory of solids at Illinois in 1961, this continues to fill the need to communicate the present view of a solid as a system of interacting particles that, under suitable circumstances, behaves like a collection of nearly independent elementary excitations. The author frequently refers to experimental data. Both the basic theory and the applications largely deal with the behaviour of “simple” metals, such as the alkali metals, rather than the more complicated transition metals and the rare-earths. Problems are included in most chapters.

Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

by Bernard d’Espagnat 0 7382 0104 9 (pbk $35) copyright 1971.

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This volume offers a clear and comprehensive account of the fundamental physical implications of the quantum formalism, which deals with non-separability, hidden variable theories, measurement theories and several related problems. Mathematical arguments are presented with an emphasis on simple but adequately representative cases. The conclusion incorporates a description of a set of relationships and concepts that could compose a legitimate view of the world.

Mathematical Methods of Physics

by H W Wyld 0 7382 0125 2 (pbk $45) copyright 1976.

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With supplementary material, such as graphs and equations, this text creates a strong, solid anchor for first-year students.

Theory of Superconductivity

by J Robert Schrieffer 0 7382 0120-0 (pbk $35) copyright 1983.

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This is considered to be one of the best introductory treatments of superconductivity and has been reprinted because of its enduring value. Based on lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, the fundamentals of the microscopic theory of superconductivity are stressed as a means of providing a framework for detailed applications of microscopic theory to specific problems. It also serves as a foundation for more recent developments.

Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys

by P G de Gennes 0 7382 0101 4 (pbk $35) copyright 1966.

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From the author’s introductory course at Orsay, this text explains the basic knowledge of superconductivity for both experimentalists and theoreticians. These notes begin with an elementary discussion of magnetic properties of Type I and II superconductors. The microscopic theory is then built up in the Bogoliubov language of self-consistent fields. This book provides the classic, fundamental basis for any work in superconductivity.

Introduction to Superstrings and M-Theory (2nd edn)

by Michio Kaku, Springer (Graduate Texts in Contemporary Physics) 038798589 1 (hbk $49.95).

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This edition of Kaku’s book, first published in 1988, ensures the continued availability of a valuable introduction to this field, already heralded in some quarters as the physics of the 21st century. Kaku is professor of theoretical physics at the City College of the City University of New York. A prolific and respected writer of popular science (“Visions: how science will revolutionize the 21st century and beyond”; “Hyperspace: a scientific odyssey through parallel universes, time warps and the tenth dimension”; “Beyond Einstein: the cosmic quest for the theory of the universe” (with Jennifer Trainer)), he is also the author of Quantum Field Theory: a Modern Introduction, and hosts a successful weekly radio science programme.

Accelerator Physics

by S Y Lee (Indiana University), World Scientific 981 02 3710 3 (pbk US$32/£22).

9789810237103-us

This is a general, introductory text to the, by now, rather wide field of accelerator physics. Circular and linear, low- and high-energy machines accelerating electrons, protons and ions are covered. Synchrotron motion, basic collective effects and synchrotron radiation are described as well.

The book can be strongly recommended for students specializing in accelerator physics, in particular those who appreciate a detailed, formal description of beam optics design and who are likely to use tracking or optics design programs. It should also be useful as a source of reference material for the specialist.

Readers interested in self-study and engineers working on aspects connected with accelerators will probably find the book rather formal, specialized and difficult to read.

Progress in accelerators was, and still is, to a large extent stimulated by the needs of nuclear and particle physicists for higher energies, intensities, luminosities, etc. There is relatively little on these subjects. The beam­beam effect is mentioned only briefly and there is no discussion of the definition, knowledge and optimization of beam parameters of interest to users of accelerators.

The 490 pages contain an impressive amount of material and many formulae. Additional details are often given as exercises for the student.

Major agreement made with China

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Underlining the worldwide involvement in the programme at CERN’s LHC collider, a milestone agreement brings funding from Chinese bodies for the LHC CMS experiment.

Chinese physicists have long participated in CERN’s programme, notably in the L3 experiment. The new agreement includes the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation, the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Beijing, and the universities of Peking and of Science and Technology in Hefei.

A major CMS contribution from China will be the endcap support “carts” for the magnet yoke, which will be made by Chinese industry. A protocol allowing production to begin was signed last year between CERN, acting on behalf of CMS, and the Chinese National Academy of Sciences.

The Chinese will also contribute detector parts, largely via a collaboration between IHEP and Fermilab. A similar collaboration involves Fermilab and the St Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute in Russia. They will produce cathode strip chambers (CSCs) for the CMS muon-detection system. Fermilab will equip the other institutes with the raw materials and tooling to produce the 648 CSCs. The detector will cover more than 1300 sq. m.

Also covered by the new Chinese agreement is a project involving Peking University that will make a major contribution to resistive-plate chambers (RPCs) for the CMS muon-detection system in collaboration with other institutions, in particular from Italy. RPCs respond rapidly to passing particles and trigger the data acquisition system to read out the detector when interesting collisions occur.

China is also building electronics for the CMS muon detector through a collaboration between Chinese and Italian institutes.

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