Toward a diffraction limited storage-ring-based X-ray source

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Multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattices have initiated a fourth generation for storage-ring light sources with orders of magnitude increase in brightness and transverse coherence. A few MBA rings have been built, and many others are in design or construction worldwide, including upgrades of APS and ALS in the US.

The HMBA (hybrid MBA), developed for the successful ESRF–EBS MBA upgrade has proven to be very effective in addressing the nonlinear dynamics challenges associated with pushing the emittance toward the diffraction limit. The evolution of the HMBA ring designs will be described in this seminar. The new designs are consistent with the breaking of the lattice periodicity found in traditional circular light sources, inserting dedicated sections for efficient injection and additional emittance damping.

Techniques developed for high-energy physics rings to mitigate nonlinear dynamics challenges associated with breaking periodicity at collision points were applied in the HMBA designs for the injection and damping sections. These techniques were also used to optimise the individual HMBA cell nonlinear dynamics. The resulting HMBA can deliver the long-sought diffraction limited source while maintaining the temporal and transverse stability of third-generation light sources due to the long lifetime and traditional off-axis injection enabled by nonlinear dynamics optimisation, thus improving upon the performance of rings now under construction.

Pantaleo Raimondi, professor at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, research technical manager, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and previously director, Accelerator and Source Division, ESRF.